Personality Theories Essay

Individuality is expressed by means of unique behavior, also known as personality. Personality kindle be broken down into four perspectives, psychoanalytic, humanistic, social cognitive, and trait. Each perspective describes in detail what helps equalize and contrast someones to one another. Personality theories go into further detail from the perspective. Assessing personality has been around from divisions, yet it is exempt questioned whether it is reliable. psychoanalytic perspective describes the how the unconscious mind helps mold personality. According to Sigmund Freud, this perspective thrives from early childhood experiences. Psychoanalytic perspective is beyond ones control, because it derives from unspoken, unknown, and out of r somebodyly aspects of ones life. For example, if a instructor calls on a student, but or else of saying the students name she calls her own childs name. Freud would make do that the mother unconscious mind made her say her own childs name i nstead of the students. Maybe she was supposed to tell her child something or do something for that child. Michael, a 36 year old man, has a habit of chewing on pencils. Michaels father died when he was trine long time old, unbeknownst to him, his father had the same habit. Michael most likely picked up the habit from his father. Humanistic perspective is when an individual has domineering growth through self-aw beness or free will. Humanistic theorist, tend to focus on the subjects positive aspects and what motivates them, whether than looking solely on abnormal behaviors.Through humanistic perspective individuals are motivated to foregather a greater good. Social cognitive perspective is the opposite of psychoanalytical perspective, by being influenced through conscious thought. With social cognitive, particular feelings or thoughts alter how a person reacts to certain situations. Karen works for a company where the Vice President, is less than personable. Whenever Karen is called to the Vice Presidents office, she begins to feel worried. She does not make bosom contact and she speaks faintlywhen in the presence of the Vice President. On the other hand, the President of the company is a people-person. Every morning before he goes to his own office he speaks to everyone. When Karen is called to his office she laughs and jokes, and makes eye contact while engaging into conversation. These two examples show how Karens feelings towards the two managers decipher how she reacts to them. Trait perspective, involves describing ones individual attributes that make up their personality. For example push around is kind, funny, frugal, yet loud. These are all traits that describe Hectors personality. Theorist Cattells foc utilise on sixteen different traits that he believed should be used to indentify an individuals personality.Freuds psychosexual scheme, Jungs archetypes, and Horneys womb envy are three theories that have shaped our understanding of personalit y are. Freud, of course is the grandfather of psychology, especially personality theorizing. His psychosexual speculation is broken down into five acts of development oral, anal, phallic latency, and genital stage. According to Freud, an individual develops personality during each psychosexual stage. The personality begins from birth and the oral stage, where pleasure or mending from oral simulation. Anal fixation is during a childs toilet training stage, here is where a child learns control. The phallic stage is genital focused pleasure. This stage is where most children discover their genitals. Latency stage is where same-sex friendships develop and children mold identity. The final exam stage, genital is during puberty. In this stage sexuality is abundant. Freud felt that each stage had importance for healthy development. If an individual spent too much time in a specific stage, it could affect him/her later in life. While Freud focused primarily on the unconscious mind, Carl Jung believed that individuals consciously motivated themselves.Any unconscious activities instincts are called archetypes. These archetypes developed universally through hereditary, surroundings, past memories, etc. Freud, mainly studied men, many may reason out that his beliefs for women were inaccurate. One of the widely known individuals that questioned his understanding was Karen Horney. Freud believed that females developed penis envy during childhood, in which they wished they had a penises and nisus resentment towards their mothers. Horney resented Freuds belief of penis envy by focusing on womb envy. This theory focuses on malesfeeling inferiority at times because women can bear children.Assessing personality may search like a difficult task, yet there are two main categories used projective examination and self-report inventories. Projective screens are good when trying to determine an individuals current mindset. Many have argued that the test is not controlled enou gh to produce accurate responses. The Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test are two of the normally known projective assessments. They both are used today, yet for more of a counseling technique. Self-report inventories are questionnaire-like test that allow the participant to select the best answer that pertains to them. The answers are then compared to standardized answers. Assessments benefit theorist because it allows them to easily evaluate subjects. Many question whether they can be considered an accurate depiction of personality, participants can easily falsify responses or the assessors could misinterpret them. Personality is what makes everyone unique. What motivates us to respond certain ways, or even if we are motivated altogether has been studied by many. Theorist ranged from believing that personality is predetermined either at birth or during infancy to personality being something that is formed throughout ones life. disregardless on when it is developed it is easy to say personality is the core of ones being?ReferencesCherry, K. (n.d.). Karen Horney Biography. psychological science Complete perish to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved July 16, 2013, from http//psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_karenhorney.htm Cherry, K. (n.d.). Major Personality Perspectives. Psychology Complete Guide to Psychology for Students, Educators & Enthusiasts. Retrieved July 16, 2013, from http//psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/personality-perspectives.htm Hockenbury, D. H., & Hockenbury, S. E. (2014). Discovering psychology (Sixth ed.). New York Worth Publishers.